Category Archives: Students

Items for students and others, interested in learning about science and engineering and the application of science in our lives. We post many of the general interest items here.

Rubick’s Cube Solving Lego Mindstorms Robot

Lego Mindstorms have really really provided some great tools for home robot engineering. JP Brown has several examples on his web site including this CubeSolver:

The longest part of the this project involved writing the color-recognition software. I downloaded the Logitech Quick Cam SDK from the Logitech Developer’s site (the LEGO Vision Cam is a repackaged Logitech Quick Cam) and used VB5 to write a fairly decent program (click the Code link for source). The color recognition is fairly robust (about one error every two cubes when well-calibrated), but not perfect, so I incorporated a feature that requires you to confirm that each face has been correctly scanned (and, optionally, allows you to correct the input manually) before it scans the next face.
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My early attempts at building a cube solver were all stymied by grips that slipped. The worm-56t gave enough torque to turn, but the fingers couldn’t hang on and the grip was simply pried apart as the grabber rotated around the stationary cube face. I thought about changing the device’s name to ButterFingers.

I rebuilt the left and right grabbers six times (and the bottom grabber four times) trying elastic bands, Technic shocks, and pneumatics, before I came up with an adequate grip mechanism. In the present version, an axle runs from a motor through the center of the large Technic turntable to a worm screw. The worm screw turns two 24t gears mounted either side of the worm inside the body of the grabber.

Other home engineering favorites: Awesome Cat Cam – Windmill for Electricity – Lego Autopilot First Flight

Computer Science PhD Overview

A nice overview by Mor Harchol-Balter at Carnegie Mellon University on Applying to Ph.D. Programs in Computer Science:

A Ph.D. is a long, in depth research exploration of one topic. By long we’re typically talking about 6 years. By in depth we mean that at the end of the Ph.D. you will be the world expert or close to it in your particular area.
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In contrast, a Ph.D. program typically requires typically less than 10 courses during the entire 6
years (at CMU there are 5 required “core” courses, and 3 required “electives”). The emphasis in the
Ph.D. is not on classes, but rather on research.
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If you choose to be a professor at a research university, your life will consist of the following
tasks: (i) doing research on anything you like, (ii) working with graduate students, (iii) teaching
classes, (iv) applying for grants, (v) flying around to work with other researchers and to give talks
on your research, (vi) doing service for your department and school (like giving this talk). Note that
I say “your life” rather than your job, because for new faculty, your life becomes your job. It’s a
fantastic job/life for me because I love these activities, so I’m happy to work hard at all of them, but
it’s not right for everyone.

The document also offers a list of fellowships including: the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and NDSEG Graduate Fellowship (disclosure: I work for ASEE administering part of the process for these, and other, fellowships – this blog is my own and not associated with ASEE).

Kids in the Lab: Getting High-Schoolers Hooked on Science

Kids in the lab: Getting high-schoolers hooked on science

Ballard is a senior at Madison West High School who is still shy of his 18th birthday. His work with the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics is part of the Youth Apprenticeship Program, an innovative project that gives exceptional high-school students an opportunity to get exposure and experience in their desired careers.

Created in 1991, the program is run by Wisconsin’s Department of Workforce Development, with collaboration from universities, schools and businesses. Statewide, more than 10,000 students have participated in 22 different program areas.
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Lan says nearly all of her apprentices have gone on to study science as college students, a reward that compensates the time mentors invest working with the young students.

“the [students] don’t really know how science works,” she says. “I think I’m trying to show them, ‘Yes, you can have a career; yes, you can have a family; and yes, you can have fun,'” she says. “Yes, you can do it!”

I attended West High School and enjoyed some science classes. We did unfortunately have one class, biology, where (due to budget cuts, I believe) they let some teachers go, and due to seniority rules for determining what teachers to layoff, we ended up with a teacher that had taught 2nd grade for like 15 years and really didn’t know much about biology. Otherwise the classes were pretty good.

And for Biology we luckily had a smart kid that could answer the other students questions. Though I remember my senior year design of experiments project didn’t go so well: I couldn’t get much to grow at all. So I was not able to actually determine which factors had what influence 🙁

Super Soaker Inventor Aims to Cut Solar Costs in Half

[Lonnie ] Johnson, a nuclear engineer who holds more than 100 patents, calls his invention the Johnson Thermoelectric Energy Conversion System, or JTEC for short. This is not PV technology, in which semiconducting silicon converts light into electricity. And unlike a Stirling engine, in which pistons are powered by the expansion and compression of a contained gas, there are no moving parts in the JTEC. It’s sort of like a fuel cell: JTEC circulates hydrogen between two membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA). Unlike a fuel cell, however, JTEC is a closed system. No external hydrogen source. No oxygen input. No wastewater output. Other than a jolt of electricity that acts like the ignition spark in an internal-combustion engine, the only input is heat.

Here’s how it works: One MEA stack is coupled to a high- temperature heat source (such as solar heat concentrated by mirrors), and the other to a low-temperature heat sink (ambient air). The low-temperature stack acts as the compressor stage while the high-temperature stack functions as the power stage. Once the cycle is started by the electrical jolt, the resulting pressure differential produces voltage across each of the MEA stacks. The higher voltage at the high-temperature stack forces the low-temperature stack to pump hydrogen from low pressure to high pressure, maintaining the pressure differential. Meanwhile hydrogen passing through the high-temperature stack generates power.

“It’s like a conventional heat engine,” explains Paul Werbos, program director at the National Science Foundation, which has provided funding for JTEC. “It still uses temperature differences to create pressure gradients. Only instead of using those pressure gradients to move an axle or wheel, he’s using them to force ions through a membrane. It’s a totally new way of generating electricity from heat.”

Very cool and yet another example of the benefits of educated engineers. The positive externalities are large for engineering education.

UbuntuScience

UbuntuScience is a great source of information on hundreds of freeware and open source science software for the unbuntu operating system (linux), including:

KStars – A virtual planetarium
Coot – Superb tool for crystallographers
R – for statistical computing and graphics
LaTeX – text mark up system used by scientists in several fields (e.g., physics, mathematics) to write papers
BOINC – A software platform for distributed computing using volunteered computer resources. Projects include: Climateprediction.net, Einstein@Home, LHC@home, Predictor@home and SETI@home.

50 Species of Diatoms

Photo of diatoms by Randolph Femmer (sadly the government deleted the site, breaking the link, so I removed it).

A photomicrograph depicting the siliceous frustules of fifty species of diatoms arranged within a circular shape. The image has been inverted to white on black to bring out details. Diatoms form the base of many marine and aquatic foodchains and upon death, their glassy frustules form sediments known as diatomaceous earth.

5 Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Kids do

5 dangerous things you should let your kids do

Gever Tulley, founder of the Tinkering School, talks about our new wave of overprotected kids — and spells out 5 (and really, he’s got 6) dangerous things you should let your kids do. Allowing kids the freedom to explore, he says, will make them stronger and smarter and actually safer.

It is not necessarily the safest thing to try and eliminate all risks. Kids can learn to be safer when they work on not entirely safe things with parents or others that can teach them how to do so safely. And they learn to interact with the world around them and think like a scientist.

Science and Engineering Education Collaboration in Virginia

Two new schools to focus on technology

Two new schools focused on career, technology and engineering for high school and college students will open in Newport News and Suffolk. But while the Suffolk school will have a home in the Pruden Center for Industry, the other will look more like a network, reaching out from a base at the New Horizons Regional Education Center into six school districts, two colleges, at least one government agency and several area businesses.
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The Newport News academy is aimed at high school students and will focus on electrical and mechanical engineering, Johnson said. Students will follow the curriculum requirements for an associate of arts degree available at academy partner Thomas Nelson Community College, which can lead to a bachelor’s degree at another partner, Old Dominion University. Russo said emphasis will include robotics, modeling and simulation technology and engineering.

Instead of housing the school at New Horizons or Thomas Nelson, the academy’s classes will be taught in public high schools in Gloucester County, Newport News, Hampton, York County, Poquoson and Williamsburg-James City County, at New Horizons and at Thomas Nelson. Additional courses will be available online.

Mapping Where Brains Store Similar Information

CMU finds human brains similarly organized

Based on how one person thinks about a hammer, a computer can identify when another person also is thinking about a hammer. It also can differentiate between items in the same category of tools, be it a hammer or screwdriver.
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The study makes two important scientific advances: “[T]here is an identifiable neural pattern associated with perception and contemplation of individual objects, and that part of the pattern is shared” by people.

The study reveals that patterns of thought extend into different regions of the brain, reflecting its complexity. It proves that a simple image can invoke thoughts in various regions of the brain, including how to use the object and experiences one has had with the object.

The study also helps to explain how the brain organizes thoughts, and the commonality of that process. “I want a complete mapping of brain states and thoughts,” Dr. Just said. “We’re taking tiny baby steps, but anything we can think about is represented in the brain.”

Lemon Tree in Japan Bears Eleven Kinds of Fruit!

A 71-year-old farmer has found a unique solution to Japan’s chronic shortage of space: grow 11 different kinds of fruit on a single tree! Manabu Fukushima of Onga, Fukuoka prefecture, combines natural horticultural skill, a lot of time and the kindness of neighbors to create one of the oddest trees you’ll ever see: a very confused Lemon tree that bears ten other citrus fruits – and Fukushima isn’t done yet!
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“Next year I want to increase the varieties,” according to the smiling farmer, and he’ll likely be true to his words based on previous success. In fact, the only thing stopping him may be a lack of suitable citrus fruit “scions” for him to graft.