Disrupting the Replication of Bacteria

UW-Madison researchers develop novel method to find new antibiotics:

Filutowicz’s approach involves looking for new drugs that render bacteria harmless by blocking the replication of—and thus eliminating—some of their DNA.

Bacterial DNA comes in two forms: chromosomal DNA, which is required for life, and plasmid DNA, which is not. The nonessential plasmid DNA contains many undesirable bacterial genes, including those that confer antibiotic resistance or lead to the production of toxins.

Filutowicz is seeking antibiotics that would selectively disrupt the replication of plasmid DNA, so that when bacteria reproduce, they would produce plasmid-free offspring that are harmless or susceptible to traditional antibiotics. Such compounds could dramatically alter the character of some of our nastiest microbial adversaries.

Electrical Engineering vs. Computer Science

Electrical Engineering vs. Computer Science:

Once upon a time, in a kingdom not far from here, a king summoned two of his advisors for a test. He showed them both a shiny metal box with two slots in the top, a control knob, and a lever. “What do you think this is?”

Indian Institute of Technology Thoughts

An interesting interview of an IIT graduate and CEO that really discusses how IIT graduates can help the Indian economy more than the title indicates – 5 things entrepreneurs must do to succeed:

First and foremost what is required is empathy and a genuine concern to improve the lot of the people. Next, there has to be a coordinated effort between the government and other agencies. Four focussed initiatives in each district around education, agriculture, industry and social equality could be identified and on an experimental basis ten districts could be identified and handed over to IIT-ians who have the zeal to bring about the transformation with a time bound agenda, with the commitment to support them through various agencies.

Google’s Start by Brin and Page

The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, 1998:

This paper addresses this question of how to build a practical large-scale system which can exploit the additional information present in hypertext. Also we look at the problem of how to effectively deal with uncontrolled hypertext collections where anyone can publish anything they want.

See more research papers from Google via Google Labs.

Science and Engineering Scholarships and Fellowships

I have added a new page on our web site that includes links to online resources with advice on applying for and winning science and engineering scholarships and fellowships. That page also includes a list of the largest science and engineering scholarships and fellowships. Please share your comments and suggestions for additions for that page.

Human Sonar – Echolocation

The Mystery of Sonar Boy:

Ben Underwood’s echolocation isn’t a hoax, but it’s not an unexplained mystery, either. Ben really can sense nearby objects with reflected sound waves. But so can you.
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Go ahead and try out the skill you never knew you had. First, close your eyes and put on a blindfold, and then ask a friend to move a frying pan forward and backward in front of your face. Now start making noises—any noises you want. You can click your tongue like Sonar Boy, or you can whistle, or you can sing a scale. With a little bit of practice, you’ll be able to tell when the pan is close to you and when it’s not.

Also see, two interesting videos, CBS story and an Ellen show appearance. And read a 2003 BBC article on how the Blind ‘see with sound’.

Computer Image Tagging

Researchers Teach Computers How to Name Images By ‘Thinking’

Penn State researchers have “taught” computers how to interpret images using a vocabulary of up to 330 English words, so that a computer can describe a photograph of two polo players, for instance, as “sport,” “people,” “horse,” “polo.”
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More than half the time, the computer’s first tag out of the top 15 tags is correct. In addition, for 98 percent of images tested, the system has provided at least one correct annotation in the top 15 selected words. The system, which completes the annotation in about 1.4 seconds…

This seems to be interesting, but still has a long way to go. Google has been using a human based process for the last few month. They show two people the same image and if their tags match Google accepts that tag as good.

Anti-microbial ‘paint’

anti-microbial ‘paint’ kills flu, bacteria

A new “antimicrobial paint” developed at MIT can kill influenza viruses that land on surfaces coated with it, potentially offering a new weapon in the battle against a disease that kills nearly 40,000 Americans per year. If applied to doorknobs or other surfaces where germs tend to accumulate, the new substance could help fight the spread of the flu, says Jianzhu Chen, MIT professor of biology.
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The “antimicrobial paint,” which can be sprayed or brushed onto surfaces, consists of spiky polymers that poke holes in the membranes that surround influenza viruses. Influenza viruses exposed to the polymer coating were essentially wiped out. The researchers observed a more than 10,000-fold drop in the number of viruses on surfaces coated with the substance.
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One of the benefits of the new polymer coating is that it is highly unlikely that bacteria will develop resistance to it, Klibanov said. Bacteria can become resistant to traditional antibiotics by adjusting the biochemical pathways targeted by antibiotics, but it would be difficult for bacteria to evolve a way to stop the polymer spikes from tearing holes in their membranes.

Electricity Savings

Surprise: Not-so-glamorous conservation works best

When high school science teacher Ray Janke bought a home in Chicopee, Mass., he decided to see how much he could save on his electric bill.

He exchanged incandescent bulbs for compact fluorescents, put switches and surge protectors on his electronic equipment to reduce the “phantom load” – the trickle consumption even when electronic equipment is off – and bought energy-efficient appliances.

Two things happened: He saw a two-thirds reduction in his electric bill, and he found himself under audit by Mass Electric. The company thought he’d tampered with his meter. “They couldn’t believe I was using so little,” he says.
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Cutting back on electricity used for lighting (9 percent of residential usage nationwide) presents the quickest savings-to-effort ratio. The EPA estimates that changing only 25 percent of your home’s bulbs can cut a lighting bill in half. Incandescent bulbs waste 90 percent of their energy as heat, and compact fluorescents, which can be up to five times more efficient, last years longer as well.

I am far from doing everything I could, but at least I have installed compact fluorescent light bulbs as old ones burned out. Actually I don’t think I have changed a light bulb in several years (another benefit of these energy efficient lights is they last a long time).

Open Source for LEGO Mindstorms

Lego Tribot

Open Source Firmware, Developer Kits for LEGOÂ® MINDSTORMSÂ®:

“Most often, innovation comes from the core community of users. Our ongoing commitment to enabling our fan base to personalize and enhance their MINDSTORMS experience has reached a new level with our decision to release the firmware for the NXT brick as open source,” said SÃ¸ren Lund, director of LEGO MINDSTORMS.

photo: Lego TriBot – a flexible 3-wheeled driving robot with sound, light, touch and ultrasonic sensors – see more details.